(MDRE) study – funding through the Triangle Center for Evolutionary Medicine (TriCEM), a collaboration between Duke University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University, and North Carolina Central University. This study is designed to determine the relatedness of MDRE strains and the relatedness of their resistance-encoding β-lactamases in antenatal women, infants, and environmental reservoirs. Data collection commenced in August 2016. Sample testing, data analysis, and publications are still in progress. (PI – Dr. L Gayani Tillekeratne and Dr. M D C Sarath Kularatna, Co-Investigators: Hannah Meredith, Dr. Ajith Nagahawatte, Dr. Champica Bodinayake, Dr. Siddhartha Thakur, Prof. Christopher Woods, Dr. Maria Joyce, Dr. Bhagya Piyasiri, Ms. Ruvini Kurukulasooriya, and Dr. Brian Wiegmann)